Thank you both for the suggestions! I started by checking the spark plugs and ignition coils. They seemed fine and weren’t the cause of the problem. I also ran some fuel injector cleaner through the system, but the issue persisted.

Next, I decided to take a look at the camshaft position sensor as you suggested. I found the sensor below the alternator on the timing chain cover. Upon inspection, the connector seemed secure, but I went ahead and had a local shop and test the sensor. It turned out the CMP sensor was faulty.

After replacing the camshaft position sensor, my 2006 Dodge Ram 5.7L is running smoothly again with no check engine light, misfires, or rough idle. Thanks again for all your help! Your advice made the troubleshooting process much easier and helped me pinpoint the problem.